Quran Chapter 2- 180 (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-210) - درس قرآن
Bequest (property left by will)
Surah
‘Al-Baqarah (The Cow) – Chapter – 2)
‘A-‘uu-zu Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)
Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)
Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)
كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ ٱلْمَوْتُ إِن تَرَكَ خَيْرًا ٱلْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبِينَ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ (180
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180. It is prescribed for you, when
death approacheth one of you, if he leaves wealth, that he should bequeath
unto parents and near relatives in kindness. (This is) a duty for all those
ward off (evil).
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180. Kutiba
‘alaykum ‘izaa hazara ‘ahadakumul-mawtu ‘in-
taraka khay-ranil-wasiyyatu lil-waalidayni
wal-‘aqrabiina bil-ma’-ruuf. Haqqan ‘alal-Muttaqiin.
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Commentary
Khay-ra – (Wealth) the
meanings of this word are betterment, welfare and deliverance. It is used also
in the Holy Qur’an for pure wealth.
‘Al-wasiyyatu – (Bequeath,
testament, making a will) its literal meanings are ‘to order’ and ‘to request’.
According to the Divines Law, it means ‘those instructions which are arranged
to make (a will) by the individual who is at the death’s door for his/her
followers/heirs, which are fulfilled after his/her death. The
religious scholars have described many kinds of ‘Wills’:
1. Some bequests are
proper (Waajib), for example; paying the poor-due, security,
safeguard (trust) or the will to return the loans, which is extremely necessary
and duty to be fulfilled.
2. Some legacies
are Mustahib, likewise to bequeath for any good work or to
give something to any that relative who cannot get any part of
hereditary/inheritance according to the Laws of Will.
3. Some are only Mubaah that
is to say; to bequeath for any legal issue.
4. Some are those which
are forbidden to be fulfilled according to the Commands of Holy Qur’an,
as if, anybody bequeaths for any unlawful deed which is prohibited to be
fulfilled.
5. Some Wills are
called Maw-quuf. It is necessary to regard some limitations
for this type of Will to be fulfilled, for instance; if any individual
bequeaths for more than one third (1/3) part of his property. Its execution depends
upon the dismissal of other heirs. Some questions have been described in the
forthcoming verses about the matters of bequeathing. If we keep them in front
also then the entire matters will be solved.
There were some
Islamic commands mentioned in the previous verses regarding murder. Now
instructions about the property/wealth of the dead are being discussed. At
another place in the Holy Qur’an, the shares of entire heirs and
the rightful have been prescribed. So the bequest will be examined in the light
of those shares. However, it may be bequeathed out of the third part of the
property.
Bil-ma’-ruuf - (According to
usage) this word has already been used earlier. ‘Urf is
its origin, that is to say; the known matter like this, usually, that would be considered
as righteousness and betterment. So, one translation of it may also be
‘according to the customs’. Fixing its condition in the Will, all those badness
have been stopped, which any such individual could do, who would be going to
bequeath, due to being biased or displeasure that he might give someone more
than his right and the other’s right might be lost.
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